Over 60 million Americans suffer from esophageal reflux disease according to the American College of Gastroenterology. Sufferers of esophageal reflux disease, also referred to as acid reflux, describe the feeling as an extreme tightness, a burning sensation, or an explosion in the chest. Esophageal reflux disease is a result of a backup of acids from the stomach and the first part of the small intestine (duodenum) into the esophagus, a 25 centimeter long passageway between the throat and the stomach. Because the esophagus is not equipped with the acid-resistant lining of the stomach, massive heartburn is felt upon acid reflux or backflow. The symptoms, causes, and treatment of esophageal reflux disease are detailed.

Symptoms

The physiological symptoms of esophageal reflux disease are described as follows:

• Heartburn that exceeds two days
• Stomachache
• Difficult or painful swallowing
• Persistent coughing, wheezing, or choking
• Hoarseness
• Regurgitation of food or bitter liquid when lying down or bending

Causes/Factor
The main cause of esophageal reflux disease is a weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a valve between the esophagus and stomach that opens as food and liquid travel into the stomach. One factor that causes the LES to weaken is the excessive consumption of caffeinated beverages. Other factors linked to esophageal reflux disease include the following:

• Pregnancy, wherein a woman’s body experiences hormonal changes and abdominal pressure
• Obesity
• Lying down after meals
• Alcoholism
• Smoking

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